asserson



Oct. 2, 1923. 1,469,611

H. R. ASSERSON CONCRETE PILE AND THE LIKE Filed March 10, 1921 s Sheets-Sheet 1 IN VEN TOR Henry ff fissarsafl Ag A RNEY Get. 2, 1923.

H. R. ASSERSON CONCRETE PILE AND T E LIKE 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed March 10. 1921 INVENTO'R Henry )5. f/sserson A A RNEY Oct. 2, I923.

1921 s Sheets-Sheet 5 INVENTOR Henry A? flssersm A ATTORNE R. ASSERSON CONCRETE PILE AND THE LIKE Filed March 10.

:Ili: IL I IFI .I.I

Patented Oct. 2, 1923.

PATENT OFFICE.

HENRY R. ASSERSON, or nnw YORK, N. Y.

oononn'rn PI'LE AND THE LIKE.

Application filed March 10, 1921. Serial No. 451,414.

T 0 all 'w/wmz'tmay concern:

Be it known that I, HENRY R. AssnRsoN, a citizen of the United States, residing at New York, county of New York, and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in ConcretePiles and the like, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates especially to concrete piles and the like built up in such a manner as to resist the deleterious influence of the acids of dissolved sulphates contained in sea and tidal waters, and also built in such a manner as to prevent decomposition by said 'aCiClS combined with frost and ice to that portion of the concrete piles, which extend between the limits of high and low tide.

One'of the objects of this invention is to produce concrete piles and structures which will withstand the damage and deterioration from sea and tidalwater in either hot, temperate or coldcliniates. Another object of this invention is to produce a pile or the like having a skin "or outer portion formed of such material that seawater, or sea water in combination ith frost or ice, will be prevented from injuring or decomposing the cement ingredient of the concrete contained in the inner portion or central part of the concrete pile or structure. Another object is to provide a structure of this character which shall be economical to manufacture and install, and which shall be convenient to repair in case of injury or wear. Other objects and advantages of the invention will be obvious as the description proceeds.

The invention will be understood from the description in connection with the accompanying drawings, which illustrate embodiments of the invention, and in which the same reference characters refer to the same parts in the respective views. Changes and modification in the forms, proportions and ingredients may be made without departing from the spirit and scopeof theinvention.

' In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a side vie partly in section showing a pile. Fig. 2 is a plan viewof the same.

Fig. 3 is a side view partly in section showing a modification.

Figs. 4, 5, 6 and 7 are sectional views on an enlarged scale showing details.

Fig. 8 is a side view showing several piles with an overhead structure partly broken away.

Reference character 1 indicates the main body or central portion of a concrete pile which may be formed in the usual way ith re-enforcing rods 2 extending therethrough. This central portion 1 of the pile is preferably composed of one part cement, onepart sand and two parts of broken stone consisting of trap .rock, granite or the like, the broken stone being from about one-half inch to one inch in size. The concrete is prefably of a very wet consistency and the numher and size of the reinforcingrods 2 will be chosen according to the strength requirements. 1

In the manufacture of my invention I first form a core of concrete 1 and then apply thereto layers of water-proofing material 5 from near the top of the pile to a short dis tance below the point that low tide water will reach after the pile has been installed. The water proofing material consists of a series of alternate layers of felt and woven fabric, such as burlap, between which layers is applied asphaltum or hot coal. tar pitch, the woven fabricbeing preferably of large mesh so that it is saturated with the water-proofing material. Each layer of felt and fabric should be coated on both sides, at the time of laying, with hot pitch or asphaltum or simi lar waterproofing material. The hot pitch or asphaltum or similar waterproofing material should be mopped on the outside surface of the concrete 1, and the felt and fabric should be laid alternately and thoroughly rubbed and pressed so as to insure sticking over the entire pile surfaces and to each other, the edges of the felt and fabric being made to overlap. The outer layer preferably of feltshould also be thoroughly coated with hot tar or asphaltum or other waterproofing material.

A protective layer or layers of metal are then applied on the outside of the waterproofing layers. For this purpose expanded metal 6 may be used, having its upper end 7 bent over the top of the pile. I prefer to have two protective layers of metal, one being the expanded metal 6 and another being a reticulated metal 8 having ribs 9, as shown inFigs. 1 and 4, or a wire mesh layer 10, as shown in Figs. 3 and 6. The inner layer 6 of expanded metal protects the waterproofing proofing layers, and the outside metal layers Ber 10. should closely fit the inside ones. The horizontal wires 11 of the woven wirefmetal layer 10 affordaconveniehtmeanslor firm- ,lynbinding the metal layers to the waterproofing layers; Aiplurality of horizontal wires or number of convolutions of the horizontal wires 1-2,.a-s shown in Fig. 7 maybe used for 'the wire mesh, 'if desired. The waterproofing layers 8, 4. and 5 may be litpped, as indicated: near the lowertpart of Fig. '6, so as to taper gradually.-

Instead of having two metal layers, one metal layer, as indicated in Figs. 5 and 7, may be employed withgood results. After themetallayer or layers have been applied,

,In cases where the piles can the. proper depth, as iEor example by the use I applya special mortar whichmay be made of. the material known in the trade as pozzolon, Portland cement and sand. d vhen the first mixture is "used the pozzolon should be aslinely ground asthe cement, and onepart by weight of the same should be mixed with two .parts by weight of the cement. The mixture thus formedsl' ould be mixed With twoparts. of sand by volume, so as to *form a n'rortar:upon addition of water. w

' lVhenhydrate'd lime is used, about 10. per

cent by weighto't'the same'should be mixed .with Portland icen'ient', and this mixture should be ,mixedw'vith about :two .parts of. sand by volume and the mortar formedby ad ding water, The mortar of either of. these mixtures is applied to lor'n'i the outer skin or coating 13 of the concrete pile by troweli' ng the same through the meshes of the :gnietal layer, orby applying-the mixture by 'means of a cementgun. This mortar skin or coating 13 should be of such th1ckness as to extend to the (outside,Waterproofing layer 5 and should. cover entirely the metal 'layers 6 and 8, or 6 and 10, so as to com,- pletely embed the same,

be sunk to of the water-jet, without the use of apile driving hai'nm'cr, thepile canbe manufactured complete before being ,put in place and the tops covered by bending overthe upper edgejoli the metal sheet 6, as indi Gated in Fig. 2. "In cases where the earth --mater1al under-jthe water is ot suchcharactor as to prevent thus installing the piles,

.the pile is avoided.

and use of a pile hammer is necessary, the mortarlayer l3 and the metal layers should be le'tt'olf'l la ers ma 1 be continued to the to) of the pile. In the end or the pile there may ioe embedded a metal mesh 20 or protected in ble to drive the pile'to the exact grade, Iv

have devised the following 1nethod of op eration, when the piles are to support the concrete floor or superstructiu'e 14 as indicated in Fig. 8.

a short distance from theto. of the lie althou h the wateroroohn i 7 o a :2.

The pile is completed with the waterproofing layer 5 to its top, the niietal layer (3 s not carried quite to the top, oi? the pile,

' and the layer oit mortar 1.3 extends not quite over the metal layer G so as to leave a portion of the metal layer; exposed, as indicated at A in Fig. 8. The pile is" then driven and cut oft tograde as indicated in Fig. 8,,the material of the pile above gradebeing re moved, leaving extending only the re-enr 'lorcmg rods 2 which are bent over as re quired in a position similar to that illustrated at B in :Fig. 8, to engage with the concrete of structure 14:; The upper and of the pile is thus out of the water and is built up adding the metal and concrete layers which have already been described to com; plete the pile as at in Fig. 8.. v

From this description it will be clear that my invention provides a built-up concrete pile or similar structure which is provided with an impervious layer of waterproofing material which willprevent sea waterbotween high and low tide from reaching the steel reinforcement and the cement constituting'the core. In this way decomposition of the core with resulting deterioration of "This waterproofing layer is protected by means of protective layers of metal having mechanical strength so that injury to the Waterproofing material does not arise when the pile is handled or after it has been installed. The waterproofing layer :isthus also protected from injury due to vessels or other objects that may strike thepilef The pile is further protected by an outer skin orlayer of mortar that is exceedingly resistive to the action of water, so that deterioration does not take place rapidly. The outer skin of water-resistant material may also be readily renewed if it is injured, or if it shows signs of deterioration. The'outerskin of water-resistant material-is also effective in producing a pile o1": pleasing appearance.

1. In a concrete structure, a core of con crete a layer of waterproofing material, a metallic protective sheet, a second metallic sheet surrounding said protective sheet, and a covering of Water-resistant material.

2. In a concrete structure, a core of concrete, a layer of Waterproofing material, a metallic protective sheet, and a second me tallic sheet surrounding said protective sheet, said metallic sheets being embedded in Water-resistant material.

In a concrete structure, a core oi concrete, a layer of Waterproofing miterial, a metallic protective sheet, and a second inetallic sheet surrounding said protective sheet, said metallic sheets being embedded in Water-resistant material comprising lime, Portland. cement and sand.

l. In a concrete structure, a core of 'concrete, a layer of Waterproofingmaterial, a

metallic protective sheet having its edge extending over the top of said core, and a covering of water-rcsistant material.

5. In a concrete structure, a core of con crete, a layer of Waterproofing material, a metallic protective sheet having its edge extending over the top of said core, and a covering or" mortar.

6. In a concrete structure, a core of concrete, a layer of Waterproofingmaterial, layers of fibrous material embedded in said layer of Waterproofing iaterial, a metallic protective sheet, and a covering of waterresistant cement embedding said metallic protective sheet.

In. testimony ivhereoii I allix my signature.

HENRY It. ASSERSON. 

